Nei USA Ichifanira Kutora Fluoride MuToothpaste Nekuda Kwechokwadi

Nei Fluoride Toothpaste Inoshandiswa Zvakanyanya?

Mushonga wemazino une fluoride uripo muUnited States nekuti wakaratidzwa kuti unodzivirira maburi uye unotsigirwa zvakasimba nemasangano makuru ehutano hwemazino neveruzhinji. Vakuru vezvehutano, kusanganisira Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), vanoti fluoride ndiyo iri kudzikira kukuru muhuwandu hwekuora kwezino munyika. Nhasi, anopfuura 95% yemushonga wemazino unotengeswa muUS une fluoride—inowanzova sodium fluoride kana sodium monofluorophosphate painenge 1,000–1,100 ppm. Nyanzvi dzinobvumirana kuti kusanganisa mvura ine fluoride ne fluoride toothpaste kunodzivirira zvakanyanya kuora zvichienzaniswa nekushandisa chero chipi zvacho chega. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kukwesha kaviri pazuva ne fluoride toothpaste inotenderwa neADA kwave tsika yakajairika kumhuri dzese dzeAmerica.

Nhoroondo yeFluoride muU.S. Oral Health

Kushandiswa kwefluoride mukurapa mazino ekuAmerica kwakatanga kare kare muzana remakore rechi20, apo Dr. Frederick McKay vakaona "Colorado Brown Stain," iyo yakazobatanidzwa nekuwandisa kwefluoride yechisikigo mumvura. Muna 1945, Grand Rapids, Michigan yakava guta rekutanga pasi rose kuisa fluoride mumvura yeruzhinji, zvichipa humbowo hwakajeka hwekuti fluoride inoderedza maburi. Pakazosvika makore ekuma1970, vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni zana vekuAmerica vakagamuchira mvura ine fluoride, uye tsvakurudzo yakakurumidza kuchinja kuisa fluoride mumazino emazino.

Muna 1956, Procter & Gamble vakaunza Crest, mushonga wekutanga wemazino une fluoride wakatengeswa munyika yese. Crest yakawana Chisimbiso cheKugamuchirwa cheAmerican Dental Association muna 1960, zvikaita kuti mamwe marudzi aitewo zvakafanana. Pakazosvika makore ekuma1970, fluoride yakanga yasimbiswa semushonga unodzivirira mapfupa, uye inenge yese mishonga yemazino yakakurumbira mumasherufu eUS yaive ne fluoride.

Kushandiswa uye Mutemo

Kushandiswa kweFluoride Toothpaste muAmerican Market

Mushure mekubudirira kweCrest, musika wemazino ekuAmerica wakachinja nekukurumidza. Pakazosvika makore ekuma1980, mhando dzese huru dzaipa fluoride, uye kushandiswa kwevatengi kwakawedzera. Ongororo dzemusika muma1990 dzakaratidza kuti vana nevakuru vekuAmerica vanopfuura 90% vakakwesha mazino efluoride. Nhasi, nzvimbo dzezvitoro dzakanyanya kugadzwa nezvigadzirwa zvine fluoride, zvichikurudzirwa nekurudziro dzakasimba kubva kuna vanachiremba vemazino uye chinodiwa chekuti chero mazino emazino ane ADA Seal anofanira kunge aine fluoride.

Mutemo Unodzora Fluoride Mumushonga Wemazino

MuUnited States, mushonga wemazino une fluoride unotongwa semushonga unotengeswa usingatengeswi nechiremba (OTC) pasi peFood and Drug Administration's (FDA) Anticaries Monograph (21 CFR 355). FDA inobvumira mishonga chaiyo ine fluoride—yakadai sesodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, uye stannous fluoride—pahuwandu hwakatarwa. Mishonga yemazino yakajairwa inogumira pa850–1,150 ppm fluoride (0.085%–0.115% fluoride ion). Chikamu che "high-fluoride" (kusvika ku1,500 ppm) chinongobvumidzwa chete nenyevero dzekuchengetedza; chero chinhu chiri pamusoro pe1,500 ppm chinoda chiremba.

Zvinodiwa pakunyorwa kwemazino zvakafanana. Mushonga wemazino unofanirwa kuzviratidza zvakajeka se "anticavity" kana kuti "fluoride" muzita rechigadzirwa, kunyora chinhu chinoshanda chine fluoride uye huwandu hwayo, uye kuratidza yambiro yekuchengetedza vana pasi pe "Drug Facts": "Chengeta kure nevana vari pasi pemakore matanhatu. Kana mvura inopfuura yakashandiswa pakukwesha ikamedzwa netsaona, tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba kana kubata Poison Control Center nekukasika." Mirayiridzo yekushandisa—yakadai sekukwesha kaviri pazuva uye kutarisira vana vari pasi pemakore matanhatu—inodiwawo. Mitemo iyi inoita kuti vatengi vagamuchire gwara rakajeka pakushandisa fluoride zvakachengeteka uye zvinobudirira.

Kubudirira uye kuchengetedzeka

Mabhenefiti ehutano hweveruzhinji uye kushanda zvakanaka

Kutsvagurudza kwemakumi emakore kunoratidza kuti mushonga wemazino une fluoride unoderedza kuora kwezino zvakanyanya. Ongororo yakakosha kubva kuCochrane Collaboration yakawana kuti mushonga wemazino une fluoride (≥1,000 ppm) unodzivirira maburi muvana zvinobudirira kupfuura dzimwe nzira dzisina fluoride. Paavhareji, kukwesha mazino ne fluoride kaviri pazuva kunoderedza njodzi yekuonda ne14–30%. Kushanda kwe fluoride pamusoro kunobatsira kudzorera enamel uye, kana ikasanganiswa nemvura ine fluoride, inogona kuderedza kuora kusvika ku25% pahuwandu hwevanhu. Izvi zvakaonekwa munyika dzese pasi rose, zvichiratidza kuti mushonga wemazino une fluoride ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshanda zvikuru dzehutano hwemuromo.

Kunetseka Nezvekuchengetedza uye Gakava

Chinhu chikuru chinonyanya kukonzera kuchengetedzeka ne fluoride toothpaste ndeyekunyanya kubatwa nemazino muvana vadiki, izvo zvinogona kukonzera dental fluorosis (mazino machena kana matema). Data reUS kubva muna 1999–2004 rinoratidza kuti vanenge 40% vevechiri kuyaruka vanoratidza fluorosis, kunyange hazvo zviitiko zvakawanda zviri zvinyoro uye zvine runako chete. Kuti vaderedze njodzi, nyanzvi dzezvehutano dzinokurudzira kushandisa fluorosis ye "rice-grain" yevana vari pasi pemakore matatu uye fluoride ye "pizi-size" yevana vane makore 3-6, vachitarisirwa nevakuru kudzivirira kumedza.

Chepfu yefluoride inokonzerwa nemazino haiwanzoitiki, inoda kunwiwa yakawanda. Masangano makuru ezvehutano—kusanganisira CDC, ADA, neAmerican Academy of Pediatrics—anosimbisa kuti mazino efluoride akachengeteka kana akashandiswa sezvakarairwa. Kunyange hazvo zvidzidzo zvishoma zvakamutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pemhedzisiro yefluoride pakukura kwetsinga dzeropa pahuwandu hwemvura inobuda mumuviri, kusvibiswa uku kunodarika zvakanyanya zvingawanikwa nemwana kubva kumazino emazino kana mvura ine fluoride.

Muchidimbu

Kana vabereki vakatevedzera mirairo yakanyorwa pamashandisirwo emwana, njodzi yekukuvadzwa kwemuviri inenge isina kukosha.

Zviito Zvematongerwo Enyika NezveMutemo Zvichangoitwa muUS

Muna 2024 na2025, matunhu akati wandei akafunga kurambidza kushandiswa kwemvura inoyerera munharaunda—chiito chine mhedzisiro isina kunanga pakushandisa mushonga wemazino une fluoride. Semuenzaniso, Utah neFlorida zvakapasisa mitemo inorambidza kushandiswa kwemvura inoyerera, zvichikonzera kusawirirana kwakasimba kubva kunyanzvi dzemazino nedzehutano hwevanhu dzinoyambira kuti kubvisa fluoride kungangowedzera maburi, kunyanya pakati pevana. Mutongi wehurumende akarayirawo EPA kuti iongororezve mwero we fluoride mumvura yekunwa, ichitaura nezvezvidzidzo zvinogona kuitika pakukura kwetsinga. Kunyange hazvo mutongo uyu uri kukwidzwa, CDC neADA vakasimbisazve kuti kushandiswa kwe fluoride kuchiri chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvakabudirira muhutano hwevanhu munhoroondo yeUS.

Kuongororwa kwepamutemo kwekushambadzira kwemazino kwakawedzerawo. Pakutanga kwa2025, nyaya dzematare dzakaendeswa kumatare dzichipikisa vagadziri vakuru vemazino, vachipomera vana kushambadzira "kwenhema"—zvichemo zvekuti mazino ane mavara emakatuni anokurudzira kumedza uye kutsausa vabereki. Gweta Guru reTexas rakatanga kuferefeta kana kurongedza nekushambadza kuchityora nhungamiro dzeFDA pakushandiswa kwefluoride. ADA yakapindura ichidzokorora kuti mazino ane fluorescent, anoshandiswa pasi pekutarisirwa, akachengeteka uye anoshanda.

Mhinduro dzeindasitiri uye Maitiro Akanakisisa

Vagadziri vakuru vemazino emazino—vakaita seColgate-Palmolive neProcter & Gamble—vanosimbisa kutevedzera zvinodiwa neFDA monograph, kuongororwa kwakasimba kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, uye kunyorwa kwakajeka. Vanoratidza zvakajeka ADA Seal of Acceptance pamapakeji kuti vavimbise vatengi kuti vaonekwe kuti mushonga uyu hausi wevanhu vechitatu. Vagadziri vanosanganisirawo macaps asingadziviriri vana uye mirairo yemuyero wekushandisa kuti vaderedze njodzi dzekunwa. Mushure mematambudziko emutemo achangoburwa, mapoka eindasitiri akasimbisa gwara rekushandisa zvakachengeteka: vakuru vanofanira kutarisira vana vari pasi pemakore matanhatu, uye huwandu hwemazino emazino hunokurudzirwa (mupunga kana saizi yepizi) hunofanira kutevedzerwa zvakanyanya.

Kuwedzera kune makambani makuru, mamwe makambani "echisikigo" kana ehunyanzvi anopa mishonga yemazino isina fluoride kuti igutse zvinodiwa nevatengi. Zvisinei, zvigadzirwa izvi hazvina zvichemo zvekuti zvinogona kutadza kuora uye zvingasaita sekudzivirira kuora. Kazhinji, maonero eindasitiri aya akajeka: mushonga wemazino une fluoride unoramba uri wekudzivirira kukuru kubva kumakomba, uye vagadziri vacharamba vachivandudza kunyora mazita, kurongedza, uye kuedza kwekudzidzisa kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti kushandiswa kwakachengeteka uye kwakanyatsojeka.

Maonero Epasi Pose Pamusoro Pekudzora Fluoride

Pasi rose, pane kubvumirana kwakakura pamusoro pemabhenefiti e fluoride toothpaste, kunyange hazvo ruzivo rwemitemo ruchisiyana. MuEuropean Union, toothpaste dzinoiswa muzvikamu zvezvizoro uye dzine 1,500 ppm fluoride. Mishonga yevana inowanzova ne500–600 ppm kuderedza njodzi ye fluorosis. Sezvo vanhu vekuEurope vanosvika 3% chete vanowana mvura ine fluoride, fluoride toothpaste inoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira kuputika kwemukati. Mitemo yeCanada yakafanana neUS, ichitora toothpaste yekudzivirira marwadzo semushonga unotengwa nevatengi uye ichitsigira nhungamiro yakafanana yemuyero wevana. Australia inobvumira kusvika 1,450 ppm fluoride mutoothpaste uye inotsigira zvakasimba fluoride yemvura munharaunda. Masangano epasi rose, kusanganisira World Health Organization, anokurudzira kushandisa toothpaste ine 1,000–1,500 ppm fluoride munzvimbo dzisina fluoride yemvura. Muchidimbu, nepo kupatsanura nekushandisa zvichisiyana zvishoma, fluoride toothpaste inozivikanwa pasi rose seyakakosha pahutano hwemuromo.

Mhedziso & Kudanwa Kwekuita Chiito

Mishonga yemazino ine fluoride ichiri musimboti wezvirongwa zvehutano hwemuromo muUnited States. Vakuru vakuru vezvehutano—kusanganisira CDC, ADA, neAmerican Academy of Pediatrics—vanoramba vachikurudzira kukwesha mazino kaviri pazuva ne fluoride toothpaste uye vachisimbisa kutarisirwa kwakakodzera uye mwero wekushandisa vana vadiki. Pasinei nemakakatanwa akasiyana, humbowo hwesainzi hwemakumi emakore hunosimbisa kuti fluoride toothpaste yakachengeteka uye inoshanda zvikuru mukudzivirira maburi. Sezvo mitemo yemvura ne fluoride ichichinja, mishonga yemazino icharamba iri nzira iri nyore kushandisa kuti maAmerica adzivirire mazino avo.

IVISMILEinokurudzira vatengi vese kusarudza mushonga wemazino une fluoride unotenderwa neADA uye kutevedzera mirairo yakanyorwa: shandisa huwandu hwemupunga hwakafanana nehwevana vari pasi pemakore matatu, huwandu hwepizi hwakafanana nehwevana vane makore 3-6, uye tarisa kukwesha mazino. Nekubatanidza kushandiswa kwemishonga yemazino kwakakodzera nekudya kwakaringana uye kuongororwa mazino nguva dzose, mhuri dzinogona kuwedzera hutano hwemuromo uye kunakidzwa nekunyemwerera kwakajeka uye kune hutano kwemakore anotevera.