Nei Fluoride Toothpaste Ichishandiswa Zvakawanda
Fluoride mazino emushonga wemazino anowanikwa kwose kwose muUnited States nekuti anoratidzwa kudzivirira maburi uye anotsigirwa zvakasimba nevanotungamira mazino uye veruzhinji-hutano masangano. Zviremera zvehutano, kusanganisira Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), kiredhiti fluoride ine kuderera kukuru kwemazino enyika. Nhasi, pamusoro pe95% yemazino anotengeswa kuUS ane fluoride-inowanzo sesodium fluoride kana sodium monofluorophosphate inosvika 1,000–1,100 ppm. Nyanzvi dzinobvuma kuti kubatanidza mvura ine fluoridated nefluoride toothpaste inopa dziviriro yepamusoro kubva pakuora zvichienzaniswa nekushandisa chero chiyero chete. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kukwesha kaviri pazuva neADA-inogamuchirwa fluoride mushonga wemazino yave tsika yakajairika kunenge mhuri dzese dzeAmerica.
Nhoroondo Yemashure eFluoride muUS Oral Health
Kushandiswa kwefluoride muAmerican dentistry kunotanga kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, apo Dr. Frederick McKay akaziva "Colorado Brown Stain," yakazobatanidzwa kune yakanyanyisa fluoride yemumvura mumvura. Muna 1945, Grand Rapids, Michigan rakava guta rekutanga pasirese kuita fluoridate mvura yaro yeruzhinji, ichipa humbowo hwakajeka hwekuti fluoride inoderedza makomba. Pakazosvika ma1970, vanopfuura mamiriyoni eAmerica vakagamuchira mvura ine fluoridated, uye tsvakurudzo yakakurumidza kushandura kuisa fluoride mumucheka wemazino.
Muna 1956, Procter & Gamble yakaunza Crest, yekutanga kutengeswa munyika yose fluoride mushonga wemazino. Crest akawana American Dental Association's Seal of Acceptance muna 1960, zvichiita kuti mamwe ma brand atevedzere. Pakazosvika ma1970s, fluoride yakasimbiswa zvakasimba seyakajairwa kurwisa mhango, uye inenge yega yega mushonga wemazino pamasherufu eUS yaive nefluoride.
Application uye Regulation
Kugamuchirwa kweFluoride Toothpaste muAmerican Market
Mushure mekubudirira kweCrest kuvhurwa, musika weUS mazino wakaita shanduko nekukurumidza. Pakazosvika ma1980s, dzinenge mhando dzese huru dzakapa kugadzirwa kwefluoride, uye kutorwa kwevatengi kwakawedzera. Ongororo yemusika muma1990s yakaratidza kuti vanopfuura 90% yevana vekuAmerica nevakuru vakagezwa nefluoride mazino. Nhasi, masupamaketi emasupamaketi anotongwa nemishonga ine fluoride, inotungamirwa nekurudziro yakasimba kubva kuna vanachiremba vemazino uye chinodiwa chekuti chero mushonga wemazino unotakura ADA Seal unofanirwa kunge uine fluoride.
Regulatory Framework Inotonga Fluoride muToothpaste
MuUnited States, mushonga wemazino wefluoride unodzorwa semushonga wepamusoro-the-counter (OTC) pasi peFood and Drug Administration's (FDA) Anticaries Monograph (21 CFR 355). Iyo FDA inobvumira chaiyo fluoride makomisheni-akadai sesodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, uye stannous fluoride-panzvimbo dzakadzorwa. Magadzirirwo emushonga wemazino anongogumira ku850–1,150 ppm fluoride (0.085%–0.115% fluoride ion). Chikamu che "high-fluoride" (kusvika ku1,500 ppm) chinotenderwa chete nekuwedzera yambiro nezvekuchengetedza; chero chinhu chiri pamusoro pe1,500 ppm chinoda kunyorerwa.
Zvinodiwa zvekuisa mazita zvakaomesesa zvakaenzana. Mushonga wemazino unofanira kuzvizivisa zvakajeka se“anticavity” kana kuti “fluoride” muzita rechigadzirwa, nyora zvinhu zvine fluoride inoshanda nechikamu chayo, uye kuratidza yambiro pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwemwana pasi pe“Drug Facts”: “Gara pasingasvikirwi nevana vari pasi pemakore matanhatu. Mazano ekushandisa—sekukwesha kaviri zuva nezuva uye kutarisira vana vari pasi pemakore matanhatu—anotemerwawo. Iyi mitemo inoita kuti vatengi vagamuchire gwara rakajeka pamusoro pekushandisa kwakachengeteka, kunoshanda fluoride.
Kubudirira uye kuchengeteka
Public-Health Benefits uye Kubudirira
Makumi emakore ekutsvagisa anoratidza kuti fluoride mushonga wemazino inoderedza zvakanyanya kuora. Ongororo inokosha kubva kuCochrane Collaboration yakawana kuti fluoride toothpaste (≥1,000 ppm) inodzivirira mhango muvana zvinobudirira kupfuura dzimwe dzisiri dzefluoride. Paavhareji, kukweshwa kaviri pazuva nefluoride mushonga wemazino kunobvisa njodzi ne14-30%. Iyo topical action yefluoride inobatsira kurangarira enamel uye, kana yasanganiswa nemvura ine fluoridated, inogona kuderedza kuora nekusvika 25% pahuwandu hwevanhu. Izvi zvakabuda zvakaratidzwa munyika dzepasirese, zvichisimbisa fluoride mazino seimwe yezvinodhura zvakanyanya-inoshanda hutano hweveruzhinji kupindira kwehutano hwemukanwa.
Zvekuchengetedza Zvinonetsa uye Makakatanwa
Chekutanga chekuchengetedza chekuchengetedza nefluoride mazino ekuputira zvakanyanya muvana vadiki, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kumazino fluorosis (chena kana shava mottling mazino). US data kubva muna 1999-2004 inoratidza kuti vangangoita makumi mana muzana evachiri kuyaruka vanoratidza imwe dhigirii refluorosis, kunyange hazvo zviitiko zvakawanda zviri zvinyoro uye zvakangonaka. Kuti kuderedze njodzi, vashandi vehutano vanokurudzira kushandisa "mupunga-zviyo" huwandu hwemazino evana vari pasi pe3 uye "pea-size" huwandu hwemakore 3-6, nekutariswa kwevanhu vakuru kudzivirira kumedza.
Acute fluoride poisoning kubva pamazino ishoma, inoda kudyiwa kwehuwandu hwakawanda. Masangano ezvehutano anotungamira — anosanganisira CDC, ADA, uye American Academy of Pediatrics — anosimbisa kuti mushonga wemazino wefluoride wakachengeteka kana ukashandiswa sekurairwa. Nepo zvidzidzo zvishoma zvakasimudza mibvunzo nezve fluoride kukanganisa neurodevelopment pamazinga epamusoro ekufumurwa, kufumurwa uku kunopfuura nekure izvo zvingagashirwa nemwana kubva kune mushonga wemazino kana mvura ine fluoridated.
Muchidimbu
Kana vabereki vachitevera zvakanyorwa mirairo yekushandiswa, njodzi ye systemic kukuvara haina basa.
Zvichangoitwa Zvematongerwo enyika & Zvemutemo muUS
Muna 2024 na2025, nyika dzinoverengeka dzakatamira kurambidza nharaunda mvura fluoridation-chiito chine mhedzisiro yekuvimba neveruzhinji pafluoride mazino. Semuyenzaniso, Utah neFlorida dzakapasisa mitemo inorambidza kuyerera kwemvura, zvichikonzera kupokana kwakasimba kubva kunyanzvi dzemazino neveruzhinji vanoyambira kuti kubvisa fluoride kungangowedzera mhango, kunyanya pakati pevana. Mumwe mutongi wedare akarairawo EPA kuti iongorore zvakare kunwa-mvura yefluoride zviyero, ichitaura zvidzidzo pamusoro pezvinogona kuitika neurodevelopmental effects. Kunyange mutongo uyu uri kukwidzwa, CDC neADA zvakasimbisa zvakare kuti fluoridation inoramba iri imwe yemhando yepamusoro yehutano hweveruzhinji munhoroondo yeUS.
Ongororo yemutemo yekushambadzira mushonga wemazino yawedzerawo. Mukutanga kwa2025, mhosva dzekirasi dzakamhan'arwa nevagadziri vemazino makuru, vachipomera "chinyengeri" kushambadzira kuvana-vanoti mishonga yemazino ine flavoured, cartoon-branded inokurudzira kumedza nekutsausa vabereki. Texas Attorney General yakatanga ongororo yekuti kurongedza uye kushambadza kutyora mirairo yeFDA pakushandisa fluoride. Iyo ADA yakapindura nekudzokorora kuti fluorescent mazino, inoshandiswa pasi pekutariswa, zvese zvakachengeteka uye zvinoshanda.
Indasitiri Response & Best Maitiro
Vagadziri vakuru vemazino - vakadai seColgate-Palmolive uye Procter & Gamble - vanosimbisa kuomerera kune zvinodikanwa zveFDA monograph, kuedzwa kwakasimba kwechinhu, uye kunyora kwakajeka. Ivo vane mukurumbira vanoratidza iyo ADA Chisimbiso cheKugamuchira papakeji yekusimbisa vatengi yekusimbisa kwechitatu-bato. Vagadziri vanosanganisirawo macaps anodzivirira vana uye mirairo yedoseji kuderedza njodzi dzekumeza. Zvichitevera zvimhingamipinyi zvemutemo zvichangoburwa, mapoka emaindasitiri akasimbisa nhungamiro pakushandisa zvisina njodzi: vanhu vakuru vanofanira kutungamira vana vari pasi pemakore matanhatu, uye mari inokurudzirwa yemazino (mupunga-zviyo kana pizi-saizi) inofanira kunyatsoteverwa.
Pamusoro pemhando dzemhando yepamusoro, mamwe makambani e“zvakasikwa” kana akasarudzika anopa mishonga yemazino isina fluoride kuti isangane nezvinodiwa nevatengi. Nekudaro, zvigadzirwa izvi hazvitakure zvirevo zveanticavity uye zvinogona kunge zvisingape mwero wakafanana wekudzivirira kuora. Pakazere, chinzvimbo cheindasitiri chakajeka: fluoride mushonga wemazino unoramba uchinyanya kuzvidzivirira mutsara wekutanga kubva kumakomba, uye vagadziri vacharamba vachiwedzera kunyora, kurongedza, uye kuedza kwekudzidzisa kuve nechokwadi chekushandisa zvakachengeteka, zvine ruzivo.
Maonero epasi rose paFluoride Regulation
Pasi rose, pane kubvumirana kwakafara pamusoro pezvakanakira fluoride mazino, asi zvemitemo zvinosiyana. MuEuropean Union, mishonga yemazino inoiswa sezvizoro uye yakavharwa pa1,500 ppm fluoride. Magadzirirwo evana anowanzo aine 500-600 ppm kuderedza njodzi yefluorosis. Sezvo vangangoita 3% chete yevaEurope vanowana mvura ine fluoridated, fluoride mazino emazino anoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira mhango. Mitemo yeCanada inomisikidza iyo US, inobata anticavity mushonga wemazino semushonga wepamusoro-soro uye inobvumidza yakafanana dosage nhungamiro yevana. Australia inobvumira kusvika 1,450 ppm fluoride mumushonga wemazino uye inotsigira zvakasimba nharaunda mvura fluoridation. Masangano epasi rose, kusanganisira World Health Organisation, anokurudzira kushandisa mushonga wemazino une 1,000–1,500 ppm fluoride munzvimbo dzisina fluoridation yemvura. Muchidimbu, nepo kurongedza uye kuita kuchisiyana zvishoma, fluoride mazino emazino anozivikanwa pasi rose seakakosha pahutano hwemukanwa.
Mhedziso & Kudaidzira-Ku-Kuita
Fluoride mazino emazino anoramba ari dombo repakona remuromo-hutano hwehutano muUnited States. Vakuru vakuru vezvehutano-kusanganisira CDC, ADA, neAmerican Academy of Pediatrics-vanoenderera mberi vachikurudzira kukwesha kaviri pazuva nefluoride toothpaste uye kusimbisa kutarisira kwakakodzera uye dosi yevana vadiki. Pasinei nemakakatanwa ari ega, makumi emakore euchapupu hwesainzi hunosimbisa kuti fluoride mazino akachengeteka uye anoshanda zvakanyanya mukudzivirira maburi. Sezvo mitemo yemvura-fluoridation inoshanduka, mushonga wemazino ucharamba uri nzira inowanikwa kune vekuAmerica kuchengetedza mazino avo.
IVISMILEinokurudzira vatengi vese kuti vasarudze mushonga wemazino wakatenderwa neADA uye vatevedzere mirairo yakanyorwa: shandisa mupunga wezviyo kuvana vari pasi pemakore matatu, chiyero chepea chemakore 3–6, uye tarisa kukweshwa. Nokubatanidza kushandiswa kwakakodzera mushonga wemazino nekudya kwakadzikama uye kugara uchiongororwa mazino, mhuri dzinogona kuwedzera hutano hwemukanwa uye kunakidzwa nekunyemwerera kwakajeka, kune hutano kwemakore anotevera.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-04-2025