Vim li cas Teb Chaws Asmeskas noj fluoride hauv tshuaj txhuam hniav hnyav

Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm ntawm Fluoride hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Qhov ncauj

Kev siv cov tshuaj fluoride hauv Asmeskas kev kho hniav rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 20th thaum ntxov, thaum Dr. Frederick McKay tau txheeb xyuas "Colorado Brown Stain," tom qab txuas rau cov tshuaj fluoride ntau dhau hauv dej. Xyoo 1945, Grand Rapids, Michigan tau los ua thawj lub nroog hauv ntiaj teb los ua fluoridate nws cov dej hauv pej xeem, muab pov thawj tseeb tias fluoride txo cov kab noj hniav. Los ntawm xyoo 1970, ntau dua 100 lab tus neeg Asmeskas tau txais fluoridated dej, thiab kev tshawb fawb sai sai tig mus rau kev sib xyaw fluoride rau hauv tshuaj txhuam hniav.

Xyoo 1956, Procter & Gamble tau tshaj tawm Crest, thawj lub teb chaws lag luam tshuaj fluoride. Crest tau txais American Dental Association's Seal of Txais hauv xyoo 1960, ua rau lwm lub npe ua raws li kev cai. Los ntawm xyoo 1970, cov tshuaj fluoride tau ruaj khov ua cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab yuav luag txhua cov tshuaj txhuam hniav tseem ceeb ntawm US rhawv muaj fluoride.

Daim ntawv thov thiab kev cai

Kev siv tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride hauv Asmeskas Kev Lag Luam

Tom qab Crest txoj kev vam meej, Asmeskas kev lag luam tshuaj txhuam hniav tau hloov pauv sai. Los ntawm xyoo 1980s, txhua lub lag luam loj tau muab cov tshuaj fluoride, thiab cov neeg siv khoom siv tau nce ntxiv. Kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1990 tau pom tias ntau dua 90% ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus hauv Asmeskas tau txhuam cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride. Niaj hnub no, cov khw muag khoom loj yog cov khoom lag luam fluoride, uas tau tsav los ntawm cov lus pom zoo los ntawm kws kho hniav thiab qhov yuav tsum tau muaj cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas nqa ADA Foob yuav tsum muaj fluoride.

Txoj Cai Tswjfwm Tswj Fluoride hauv Tshuaj Hniav

Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride raug tswj raws li cov tshuaj hauv khw muag khoom (OTC) raws li Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Anticaries Monograph (21 CFR 355). FDA tso cai rau cov tshuaj fluoride tshwj xeeb - xws li sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, thiab stannous fluoride - ntawm kev tswj hwm ntau. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj txhuam hniav raug txwv rau kwv yees li 850–1,150 ppm fluoride (0.085%–0.115% fluoride ion). Ib pawg "high-fluoride" (txog 1,500 ppm) tsuas yog tso cai nrog cov lus ceeb toom kev nyab xeeb ntxiv; txhua yam uas siab tshaj 1,500 ppm yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj.

Labeling yuav tsum nruj tib yam. Cov tshuaj txhuam hniav yuav tsum paub meej tias nws tus kheej yog "anticavity" lossis "fluoride" hauv cov npe khoom, sau cov tshuaj fluoride thiab nws cov feem pua, thiab qhia cov lus ceeb toom txog kev nyab xeeb rau menyuam yaus raws li "Drug Facts": "Tsev kom deb ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoo. Yog tias siv ntau tshaj qhov siv txhuam hniav yog nqos tsis tau, tau txais kev pab kho mob lossis tiv tauj lub Chaw Tswj Xyuas Poison tam sim ntawd." Cov lus qhia rau kev siv-xws li txhuam hniav ob zaug ib hnub thiab saib xyuas cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoo- kuj raug yuam. Cov kev cai no ua kom cov neeg siv khoom tau txais kev taw qhia meej txog kev nyab xeeb, siv tshuaj fluoride.

Kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb

Kev Pabcuam Pej Xeem-Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kev Ua Tau Zoo

Ntau xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride txo cov hniav lwj. Kev tshuaj xyuas thaj chaw los ntawm Cochrane Collaboration pom tias cov tshuaj txhuam hniav muaj fluoride (≥1,000 ppm) tiv thaiv kab noj hniav hauv cov menyuam yaus zoo dua li cov tshuaj tsis muaj fluoride. Qhov nruab nrab, ob zaug-hnub txhuam hniav nrog cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride txo cov kab mob caries los ntawm 14-30%. Cov tshuaj fluoride ua rau cov tshuaj fluoride remineralize enamel thiab, thaum ua ke nrog cov dej fluoridated, tuaj yeem txo qhov kev puas tsuaj txog li 25% ntawm cov pejxeem. Cov txiaj ntsig no tau tsom mus rau hauv cov tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb, lees paub cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride ua ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv rau qhov ncauj.

Kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb

Thawj qhov kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb nrog cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride yog overexposure rau cov menyuam yaus, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov hniav fluorosis (dawb lossis xim av mottling ntawm cov hniav). Cov ntaub ntawv Asmeskas xyoo 1999-2004 qhia tias kwv yees li 40% ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj qee qhov kev mob fluorosis, txawm hais tias feem ntau yog mob me thiab ua kom zoo nkauj xwb. Txhawm rau txo qhov kev pheej hmoo tsawg, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav "mov nplej" rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos thiab "peas-loj" tus nqi rau cov hnub nyoog 3-6, nrog rau cov neeg laus saib xyuas kom tsis txhob nqos.

Mob fluoride lom los ntawm cov tshuaj txhuam hniav yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, yuav tsum tau noj ntau ntau. Cov koom haum saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv - suav nrog CDC, ADA, thiab American Academy of Pediatrics - lees paub tias cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum siv raws li qhia. Txawm hais tias ib tug puv tes ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tau nug cov lus nug txog cov tshuaj fluoride cuam tshuam rau neurodevelopment ntawm kev raug mob siab, cov exposures no deb tshaj qhov uas tus me nyuam yuav tau txais los ntawm cov tshuaj txhuam hniav los yog fluoridated dej.

Hauv luv

Thaum cov niam txiv ua raws li cov lus qhia siv cov ntawv sau, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg.

Tsis ntev los no kev nom kev tswv & kev cai lij choj hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas

Xyoo 2024 thiab 2025, ntau lub xeev tau txav mus rau txwv tsis pub cov dej hauv zej zog fluoridation - ib qho kev ua uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis ncaj rau pej xeem kev cia siab rau cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride. Piv txwv li, Utah thiab Florida tau dhau txoj cai txwv tsis pub dej fluoridation, ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam tsis zoo los ntawm cov kws kho hniav thiab cov kws paub txog kev noj qab haus huv uas ceeb toom tias tshem tawm cov tshuaj fluoride yuav ua rau muaj kab noj hniav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov menyuam yaus. Ib tus kws txiav txim plaub hauv tsoomfwv tseem tau hais kom EPA rov ntsuas cov qauv kev haus dej fluoride, hais txog kev tshawb fawb txog cov teebmeem neurodevelopmental. Thaum qhov kev txiav txim siab no tab tom thov rov hais dua, CDC thiab ADA rov lees paub tias fluoridation tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv hauv Asmeskas keeb kwm.

Kev tshuaj xyuas kev cai lij choj ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj txhuam hniav kuj tseem muaj zog. Thaum ntxov xyoo 2025, cov lus foob hauv chav kawm tau raug foob rau cov tuam txhab tshuaj txhuam hniav loj, liam tias "kev dag ntxias" kev lag luam rau cov menyuam yaus - thov tias cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muaj ntxhiab tsw, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muaj cov tshuaj txhuam hniav txhawb nqa nqos thiab ntxias cov niam txiv. Texas Tus Kws Lij Choj General tau pib tshawb xyuas seb puas ntim thiab tshaj tawm ua txhaum FDA cov lus qhia ntawm kev siv fluoride. ADA tau teb los ntawm kev rov hais dua tias cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluorescent, siv nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas, muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau zoo.

Kev lag luam teb & Kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws

Cov tuam txhab tshuaj txhuam hniav loj-xws li Colgate-Palmolive thiab Procter & Gamble-tshaj tawm nruj ua raws li FDA cov cai tswj hwm, cov khoom siv muaj zog, thiab cov ntawv sau meej. Lawv nthuav qhia ADA Foob ntawm Kev lees txais ntawm kev ntim khoom kom ntseeg tau cov neeg siv khoom ntawm kev lees paub thib peb. Cov neeg tsim khoom tseem suav nrog cov kaus mom tiv thaiv menyuam yaus thiab cov lus qhia noj kom txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj tshuaj. Ua raws li cov teeb meem kev cai lij choj tsis ntev los no, pawg kev lag luam tau txhawb nqa cov lus qhia txog kev siv nyab xeeb: cov neeg laus yuav tsum saib xyuas cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoo, thiab pom zoo cov tshuaj txhuam hniav (qoob nplej lossis pea-loj) yuav tsum ua raws li nruj me ntsis.

Ntxiv rau cov npe tseem ceeb, qee lub tuam txhab "natural" lossis cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb muab cov tshuaj txhuam hniav tsis muaj fluoride kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom no tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab yuav tsis muaj tib theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev lwj. Zuag qhia tag nrho, kev lag luam txoj haujlwm yog qhov tseeb: cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride tseem yog thawj kab tiv thaiv kab noj hniav zoo tshaj plaws, thiab cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav txuas ntxiv txhim kho daim ntawv lo, ntim khoom, thiab kev kawm siv zog kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, paub siv.

Ntiaj Teb Kev Pom Zoo ntawm Kev Tswj Fluoride

Thoob plaws ntiaj teb, muaj kev pom zoo dav dav txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride, txawm hais tias kev tswj hwm cov ntsiab lus txawv. Hauv European Union, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav raug faib ua cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab capped ntawm 1,500 ppm fluoride. Cov tshuaj rau menyuam yaus feem ntau muaj 500-600 ppm kom txo tau fluorosis. Txij li tsuas yog kwv yees li 3% ntawm cov neeg European tau txais cov dej fluoridated, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab noj hniav. Canada cov kev cai tsom iav rau Asmeskas, kho cov tshuaj txhuam hniav anticavity raws li cov tshuaj tom khw muag khoom thiab pom zoo cov lus qhia noj tshuaj zoo ib yam rau cov menyuam yaus. Australia tso cai txog 1,450 ppm fluoride hauv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab txhawb nqa cov dej fluoridation hauv zej zog. Cov koom haum thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (World Health Organization), pom zoo siv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav nrog 1,000–1,500 ppm fluoride hauv cov cheeb tsam uas tsis muaj dej fluoridation. Hauv luv luv, thaum kev faib tawm thiab kev siv sib txawv me ntsis, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride tau lees paub thoob ntiaj teb tias yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qhov ncauj.