Vim li cas Tebchaws Meskas thiaj li saib xyuas Fluoride hauv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav tiag tiag

Keeb Kwm ntawm Fluoride hauv Tebchaws Meskas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Qhov Ncauj

Kev siv cov tshuaj fluoride hauv kev kho hniav hauv Asmeskas tau pib txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, thaum Dr. Frederick McKay tau txheeb xyuas "Colorado Brown Stain," tom qab ntawd txuas nrog rau cov tshuaj fluoride ntuj ntau dhau hauv dej. Xyoo 1945, Grand Rapids, Michigan tau los ua thawj lub nroog hauv ntiaj teb uas muaj cov tshuaj fluoride hauv nws cov dej pej xeem, muab pov thawj meej tias cov tshuaj fluoride txo cov kab noj hniav. Los ntawm xyoo 1970, ntau tshaj 100 lab tus neeg Asmeskas tau txais dej uas muaj cov tshuaj fluoride, thiab kev tshawb fawb tau hloov mus rau kev siv cov tshuaj fluoride rau hauv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav.

Xyoo 1956, Procter & Gamble tau tsim Crest, thawj cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muaj fluoride muag hauv tebchaws. Crest tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj American Dental Association's Seal of Acceptance hauv xyoo 1960, ua rau lwm lub npe lag luam ua raws li ntawd. Los ntawm xyoo 1970, fluoride tau raug tsim los ua cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb uas tiv thaiv cov kab noj hniav, thiab yuav luag txhua cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muag hauv Tebchaws Meskas muaj fluoride.

Daim Ntawv Thov thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas

Kev Siv Cov Tshuaj Txhuam Hniav Fluoride Hauv Kev Lag Luam Asmeskas

Tom qab Crest tau tsim tawm zoo, kev lag luam tshuaj txhuam hniav hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau hloov pauv sai heev. Los txog rau xyoo 1980, yuav luag txhua lub npe loj tau muab cov tshuaj fluoride, thiab kev siv cov neeg siv khoom tau nce siab. Kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1990 qhia tau tias ntau dua 90% ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau siv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride txhuam hniav. Niaj hnub no, cov khw muag khoom loj feem ntau yog cov khoom siv fluoride, tsav los ntawm cov lus qhia zoo los ntawm cov kws kho hniav thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom txhua yam tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muaj ADA Seal yuav tsum muaj fluoride.

Cov Cai Tswjfwm uas Tswj Fluoride hauv Cov Tshuaj Txhuam Hniav

Nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muaj fluoride raug tswj hwm ua cov tshuaj uas yuav tsis tas yuav muaj daim ntawv yuav tshuaj (OTC) raws li Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj (FDA) Anticaries Monograph (21 CFR 355). FDA tso cai rau cov tshuaj fluoride tshwj xeeb—xws li sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, thiab stannous fluoride—ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg uas raug tswj hwm. Cov tshuaj txhuam hniav ib txwm muaj tsuas yog txwv rau kwv yees li 850–1,150 ppm fluoride (0.085%–0.115% fluoride ion). Pawg "fluoride siab" (txog li 1,500 ppm) tsuas yog tso cai nrog cov lus ceeb toom kev nyab xeeb ntxiv; txhua yam saum toj no 1,500 ppm xav tau daim ntawv yuav tshuaj.

Cov kev cai ntawm daim ntawv lo rau cov khoom kuj nruj ib yam. Cov tshuaj txhuam hniav yuav tsum qhia meej tias nws yog "anticavity" lossis "fluoride" hauv lub npe khoom, teev cov khoom xyaw fluoride thiab nws feem pua, thiab tso saib cov lus ceeb toom txog kev nyab xeeb rau menyuam yaus hauv qab "Cov Lus Tseeb Txog Tshuaj": "Khaws kom deb ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoos. Yog tias nqos ntau dua li siv rau txhuam hniav, nrhiav kev pab kho mob lossis hu rau Chaw Tswj Xyuas Tshuaj Lom tam sim ntawd." Cov lus qhia rau kev siv - xws li txhuam hniav ob zaug hauv ib hnub thiab saib xyuas cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoo - kuj raug yuam. Cov cai no ua kom cov neeg siv khoom tau txais cov lus qhia meej txog kev siv fluoride kom nyab xeeb thiab zoo.

Kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb

Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv pej xeem

Ntau xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride txo cov hniav lwj. Kev tshuaj xyuas tseem ceeb los ntawm Cochrane Collaboration pom tias cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride (≥1,000 ppm) tiv thaiv cov kab noj hniav hauv cov menyuam yaus zoo dua li lwm cov tshuaj uas tsis muaj fluoride. Qhov nruab nrab, kev txhuam hniav ob zaug hauv ib hnub nrog cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm caries los ntawm 14-30%. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm fluoride sab nraud pab rov ua kom cov enamel rov qab zoo li qub thiab, thaum ua ke nrog dej fluoridated, tuaj yeem txo qhov lwj los ntawm txog li 25% ntawm cov pej xeem. Cov txiaj ntsig no tau raug cuam tshuam hauv cov tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb, lees paub tias cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride yog ib qho ntawm cov kev pabcuam kev noj qab haus huv pej xeem uas pheej yig tshaj plaws rau kev noj qab haus huv qhov ncauj.

Kev Txhawj Xeeb thiab Kev Sib Cav Sib Ceg

Qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws txog kev nyab xeeb nrog cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride yog kev raug tshuaj fluoride ntau dhau rau cov menyuam yaus, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov hniav fluorosis (cov hniav dawb lossis xim av). Cov ntaub ntawv hauv Tebchaws Meskas txij li xyoo 1999–2004 qhia tias kwv yees li 40% ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj qee qib fluorosis, txawm hais tias feem ntau cov mob tsis hnyav thiab tsuas yog zoo nkauj xwb. Txhawm rau kom txo qhov kev pheej hmoo, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav "mov nplej" rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos thiab "me me li taum pauv" rau cov hnub nyoog 3-6, nrog cov neeg laus saib xyuas kom tsis txhob nqos.

Kev lom tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muaj fluoride ntau heev yog qhov tsis tshua muaj, yuav tsum tau noj ntau heev. Cov koom haum saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv—xws li CDC, ADA, thiab American Academy of Pediatrics—lees tias cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muaj fluoride muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum siv raws li qhia. Txawm hais tias muaj ob peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tau tsa cov lus nug txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm fluoride rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thaum raug ntau dhau, cov kev raug no ntau dua li qhov uas tus menyuam yuav tau txais los ntawm cov tshuaj txhuam hniav lossis dej uas muaj fluoride.

Hauv luv luv

Thaum cov niam txiv ua raws li cov lus qhia siv uas muaj daim ntawv lo rau, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev tsis tseem ceeb.

Cov Kev Ua Haujlwm Nom Tswv thiab Kev Cai Lij Choj Tsis Ntev Los No hauv Tebchaws Meskas

Xyoo 2024 thiab 2025, ntau lub xeev tau tsiv los txwv tsis pub muaj fluoride hauv dej hauv zej zog - ib qho kev nqis tes ua uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis ncaj qha rau pej xeem kev siv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride. Piv txwv li, Utah thiab Florida tau tsim cov cai lij choj txwv tsis pub muaj fluoride hauv dej, ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav los ntawm cov kws kho hniav thiab cov kws tshaj lij kev noj qab haus huv pej xeem uas ceeb toom tias kev tshem tawm fluoride yuav ua rau cov kab noj hniav ntau ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Tus kws txiav txim plaub ntug hauv tsoomfwv kuj tau hais kom EPA rov ntsuam xyuas cov qauv fluoride hauv dej haus, hais txog kev tshawb fawb txog cov teebmeem kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb. Thaum qhov kev txiav txim no raug thov rov hais dua, CDC thiab ADA tau lees paub dua tias fluoridation tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev noj qab haus huv pej xeem hauv keeb kwm Asmeskas.

Kev tshuaj xyuas raws li txoj cai ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj txhuam hniav kuj tau nce ntxiv. Thaum ntxov xyoo 2025, cov kev foob hauv pawg neeg tau foob tawm tsam cov tuam txhab tsim tshuaj txhuam hniav loj, liam tias kev lag luam "dag ntxias" rau cov menyuam yaus - thov tias cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab, muaj cov duab kos duab txhawb kom nqos thiab dag cov niam txiv. Tus Kws Lij Choj Hauv Xeev Texas tau pib tshawb nrhiav seb qhov ntim khoom thiab kev tshaj tawm puas ua txhaum FDA cov lus qhia txog kev siv fluoride. ADA teb los ntawm kev rov hais dua tias cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluorescent, siv nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas, yog ob qho tib si muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tau zoo.

Cov Lus Teb Hauv Kev Lag Luam & Cov Kev Xyaum Zoo Tshaj Plaws

Cov chaw tsim tshuaj txhuam hniav loj—xws li Colgate-Palmolive thiab Procter & Gamble—hais txog kev ua raws li FDA cov cai, kev kuaj cov khoom xyaw kom zoo, thiab kev sau ntawv kom meej. Lawv tso saib ADA Seal of Acceptance ntawm lub ntim kom cov neeg siv khoom ntseeg siab tias muaj kev lees paub los ntawm lwm tus. Cov chaw tsim khoom kuj tseem muaj cov hau uas tiv thaiv menyuam yaus thiab cov lus qhia txog kev noj tshuaj kom txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj. Tom qab cov teeb meem kev cai lij choj tsis ntev los no, cov pab pawg lag luam tau txhawb nqa cov lus qhia txog kev siv kom muaj kev nyab xeeb: cov neeg laus yuav tsum saib xyuas cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoo, thiab cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas pom zoo kom muaj pes tsawg (mov lossis taum pauv) yuav tsum ua raws li qhov ntau npaum li cas.

Ntxiv rau cov hom lag luam tseem ceeb, qee lub tuam txhab "ntuj" lossis cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb muab cov tshuaj txhuam hniav tsis muaj fluoride los ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom no tsis muaj cov lus hais tias tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tej zaum yuav tsis muab tib theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob lwj. Zuag qhia tag nrho, txoj haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam yog qhov tseeb: cov tshuaj txhuam hniav fluoride tseem yog thawj kab tiv thaiv kab mob zoo tshaj plaws, thiab cov chaw tsim khoom yuav txuas ntxiv txhim kho kev sau ntawv, ntim khoom, thiab kev siv zog qhia kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab paub siv.

Kev Xav Thoob Ntiaj Teb Txog Kev Tswj Xyuas Fluoride

Thoob ntiaj teb, muaj kev pom zoo dav dav txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muaj fluoride, txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj cai txawv. Hauv European Union, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav raug cais ua cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab txwv tsis pub muaj fluoride ntau tshaj 1,500 ppm. Cov tshuaj txhuam hniav rau menyuam yaus feem ntau muaj 500–600 ppm los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm fluorosis. Vim tias tsuas yog kwv yees li 3% ntawm cov neeg European tau txais dej uas muaj fluoride, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muaj fluoride ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov cai ntawm Canada zoo ib yam li Tebchaws Meskas, kho cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas tiv thaiv kab mob ua cov tshuaj uas yuav tsis tas yuav muaj daim ntawv yuav tshuaj thiab pom zoo rau cov lus qhia txog kev siv tshuaj zoo sib xws rau cov menyuam yaus. Australia tso cai rau txog li 1,450 ppm fluoride hauv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab txhawb nqa cov dej hauv zej zog kom muaj fluoride. Cov koom haum thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog Lub Koom Haum Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb, pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muaj fluoride ntau tshaj 1,000–1,500 ppm hauv cov cheeb tsam uas tsis muaj fluoride hauv dej. Hauv ntej, thaum kev faib tawm thiab kev siv sib txawv me ntsis, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muaj fluoride tau lees paub thoob ntiaj teb tias tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qhov ncauj.