No ke aha i lawe nui ai ʻo ʻAmelika i ka Fluoride i ka niho niho

Ka Moʻolelo Moʻolelo o Fluoride ma US Oral Health

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka fluoride i ka lāʻau lapaʻau niho ʻAmelika e hoʻi hou ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, i ka manawa i ʻike ai ʻo Kauka Frederick McKay i ka "Colorado Brown Stain," ma hope i hoʻopili ʻia me ka nui o ka fluoride kūlohelohe i ka wai. I ka makahiki 1945, ua lilo ʻo Grand Rapids, Michigan i ke kūlanakauhale mua loa o ka honua e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wai o ka lehulehu, e hāʻawi ana i nā hōʻike maopopo e hōʻemi ana ka fluoride i nā lua. Ma ka 1970s, ma luna o 100 miliona ʻAmelika i loaʻa i ka wai fluoridated, a huli koke ka noiʻi i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka fluoride i loko o ka toothpaste.

I ka makahiki 1956, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Procter & Gamble iā Crest, ka mea hoʻopaʻa niho fluoride mua i kūʻai ʻia ma ka ʻāina. Ua loaʻa ʻo Crest i ka American Dental Association's Seal of Acceptance i ka makahiki 1960, e koi ana i nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e hahai. Ma ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻokumu paʻa ʻia ka fluoride ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomake i nā lua, a kokoke i kēlā me kēia pā niho koʻikoʻi ma nā papa US he fluoride.

Noi a Hooponopono

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Fluoride Toothpaste ma ka mākeke ʻAmelika

Ma hope o ka holomua ʻana o Crest, ua hoʻololi wikiwiki ka mākeke niho niho US. Ma ka 1980s, kokoke i kēlā me kēia brand nui i hāʻawi i ka fluoride formulation, a ua piʻi aʻe ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea kūʻai aku. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi mākeke i nā makahiki 1990 ma luna o 90% o nā keiki a me nā pākeke ʻAmelika i kāhili ʻia me ka toothpaste fluoride. I kēia lā, hoʻomalu ʻia nā aisles supermarket e nā huahana i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka fluoride, i alakaʻi ʻia e nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ikaika mai nā niho niho a me ke koi ʻana e loaʻa ka fluoride i kēlā me kēia toothpaste e lawe ana i ka Sila ADA.

Ka Mana Hooponopono e hooponopono ana i ka Fluoride ma ka niho hoopa'i

Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ka toothpaste fluoride ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o ka counter (OTC) ma lalo o ka Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Anticaries Monograph (21 CFR 355). Ua ʻae ka FDA i nā pūhui fluoride kikoʻī—e like me ka sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, a me stannous fluoride—ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻia. Ua kaupalena ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka toothpaste ma kahi o 850–1,150 ppm fluoride (0.085%–0.115% fluoride ion). ʻAe ʻia kahi ʻāpana "high-fluoride" (a hiki i 1,500 ppm) me nā ʻōlelo aʻo palekana hou; ʻO kēlā me kēia mea ma luna o 1,500 ppm pono i kahi ʻōlelo kuhikuhi.

Ua koʻikoʻi nā koi lepili. Pono e hoʻomaopopo pono i ka niho niho he "anticavity" a i ʻole "fluoride" ma ka inoa huahana, e papa inoa i ka mea hana fluoride a me kona pakeneka, a hōʻike i kahi ʻōlelo aʻo palekana keiki ma lalo o "Drug Facts": "E mālama i kahi e hiki ai i nā keiki ma lalo o 6 makahiki. ʻO nā kuhikuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana—e like me ka palaki ʻana i ʻelua manawa i ka lā a me ka mālama ʻana i nā keiki ma lalo o 6 mau makahiki. Mālama kēia mau lula e loaʻa i nā mea kūʻai ke alakaʻi maʻalahi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka fluoride palekana.

Ka pono a me ka palekana

Nā Pōmaikaʻi Ola Ola a me ka Pono

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻumi makahiki o ka noiʻi ʻana e hōʻemi nui ka toothpaste fluoride i ka pala niho. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi loiloi hōʻailona mai ka Cochrane Collaboration e pale ʻoi aku ka niho fluoride (≥1,000 ppm) i nā lua o nā keiki ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe non-fluoride. Ma ka awelika, ʻo ka holoi ʻana i ʻelua manawa i kēlā me kēia lā me ka fluoride toothpaste e ʻoki i ka pilikia o ka caries ma 14-30%. ʻO ka hana topical o ka fluoride e kōkua i ka remineralize enamel a, ke hui pū ʻia me ka wai fluoridated, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka palaho a hiki i ka 25% ma ka pae heluna kanaka. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau hopena i nā ʻāina o ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e hōʻoia ana i ka toothpaste fluoride ʻo ia kekahi o nā hana olakino olakino maikaʻi loa no ke olakino waha.

Nā pilikia palekana a me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa

ʻO ka manaʻo palekana mua me ka toothpaste fluoride ʻo ka ʻike nui ʻana i nā keiki liʻiliʻi, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka fluorosis niho (keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha o nā niho). Hōʻike ka ʻikepili US mai 1999–2004 ma kahi o 40% o nā ʻōpio e hōʻike ana i kekahi degere o ka fluorosis, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hihia he maʻalahi a hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻi. No ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pilikia, ʻōlelo ka poʻe ʻoihana mālama ola i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nui o ka niho "rice-grain" no nā keiki ma lalo o 3 a me ka nui "pea-size" no nā makahiki 3-6, me ka nānā ʻana o nā mākua e pale i ka ʻai ʻana.

Kakaʻikahi loa ka ʻona o ka fluoride mai ka toothpaste, pono ke ʻai ʻana i nā mea nui. ʻO nā hui olakino alakaʻi—me ka CDC, ADA, a me ka American Academy of Pediatrics—e hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka toothpaste fluoride ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ke kuhikuhi ʻana. ʻOiai ua hāpai ka hapa nui o nā haʻawina i nā nīnau e pili ana i ka hopena o ka fluoride i ka neurodevelopment ma nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia mau hōʻike i ka mea e loaʻa ai i kahi keiki mai ka niho niho a i ʻole ka wai fluoridated.

I ka pōkole

Ke hahai nā mākua i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hoʻohana i kapa ʻia, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ka pilikia o ka pōʻino ʻōnaehana.

Nā hana kālai'āina a me nā kānāwai hou loa ma US

I ka makahiki 2024 a me 2025, ua neʻe kekahi mau mokuʻāina e pāpā i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai kaiāulu—he hana i loaʻa ʻole ka hopena i ka hilinaʻi lehulehu i ka toothpaste fluoride. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Utah a me Florida i nā kānāwai e pāpā ana i ka fluoridation wai, e hōʻeuʻeu ana i nā kūʻē ikaika mai nā poʻe niho a me nā loea olakino e ʻōlelo aku nei e hoʻonui paha ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka fluoride i nā lua, ʻoi aku ma waena o nā keiki. Ua kauoha pū kekahi luna kānāwai federal i ka EPA e loiloi hou i nā kūlana fluoride wai inu, e haʻi ana i nā noiʻi e pili ana i nā hopena neurodevelopmental. ʻOiai ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia kēia ʻōlelo hoʻoholo, ua hōʻoia hou ka CDC a me ADA i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka fluoridation i kekahi o nā hoʻokō olakino olakino kiʻekiʻe ma ka mōʻaukala US.

Ua hoʻoikaika pū ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ke kānāwai no ka kūʻai ʻana i ka niho niho. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 2025, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā hoʻopiʻi kūʻē i nā mea hana toothpaste nui, e ʻōlelo ana i ke kūʻai ʻana aku i ka "hoʻopunipuni" i nā keiki - nā ʻōlelo e hoʻoikaika ana i ka ʻai ʻana a alakaʻi hewa i nā mākua. Ua hoʻomaka ka Loio Kuhina o Texas i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i ka hōʻole ʻana o ka ʻeke a me ka hoʻolaha i nā alakaʻi FDA no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka fluoride. Ua pane aku ka ADA ma ka haʻi hou ʻana i ka mea ʻala niho fluorescent, i hoʻohana ʻia ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana, palekana a maikaʻi hoʻi.

Pane ʻOihana a me nā hana maikaʻi loa

ʻO nā mea hana toothpaste nui—e like me Colgate-Palmolive a me Procter & Gamble—ke koʻikoʻi nei i ka mālama pono ʻana i nā koi monograph FDA, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana ikaika, a me ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana. Hōʻike koʻikoʻi lākou i ka ADA Seal of Acceptance ma ka ʻeke e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu. Hoʻokomo pū nā mea hana i nā pāpale pale keiki a me nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi no ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā pilikia ingestion. Ma hope o nā pilikia kānāwai i hala iho nei, ua hoʻoikaika nā hui ʻoihana i ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻohana palekana: pono nā mākua e mālama i nā keiki ma lalo o 6 mau makahiki, a pono e hahai pono ʻia ka nui o ka toothpaste (laiki a i ʻole ka nui pea).

Ma waho aʻe o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, hāʻawi kekahi mau "kūlohelohe" a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui kūikawā i nā niho niho fluoride-free e hoʻokō i ka makemake o ka mea kūʻai. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lawe kēia mau huahana i nā koi anticavity a ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻawi i ka pae like o ka pale ʻana i ka pala. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, maopopo ke kūlana o ka ʻoihana: ʻo ka fluoride toothpaste ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale mua ʻana i nā lua, a e hoʻomau nā mea hana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka lepili, hoʻopili, a me nā hana hoʻonaʻauao e hōʻoia i ka palekana a me ka ʻike.

Nā Manaʻo honua e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono Fluoride

Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, loaʻa ka manaʻo nui e pili ana i nā pono o ka toothpaste fluoride, ʻoiai ʻokoʻa nā kikoʻī hoʻoponopono. I ka Hui ʻEulopa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā niho niho e like me nā mea hoʻonaninani a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka 1,500 ppm fluoride. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia nā papa hana pediatric 500-600 ppm e hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka fluorosis. No ka mea he 3% wale nō o ka poʻe ʻEulopa e loaʻa i ka wai fluoridated, hana koʻikoʻi ka toothpaste fluoride i ka pale ʻana i ka lua. Hoʻohālikelike nā lula o Kanada i ka US, e mālama ana i ka niho niho anticavity ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o ka counter a kākoʻo i ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole no nā keiki. ʻAe ʻo Australia i ka 1,450 ppm fluoride i loko o ka toothpaste a kākoʻo ikaika i ka fluoridation wai kaiāulu. Paipai nā kino honua, me ka World Health Organization, i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka toothpaste me 1,000–1,500 ppm fluoride ma nā wahi i nele i ka wai fluoridation. I ka pōkole, ʻoiai ʻokoʻa iki ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana, ʻike ʻia ka toothpaste fluoride he mea pono no ke olakino waha.