No ke aha e lawe nui ai ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka Fluoride i loko o ka Toothpaste

Ka Moʻolelo o ka Fluoride ma ke Ola Waha o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa

Ua hoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka fluoride i ka hana niho ʻAmelika i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, i ka wā i ʻike ai ʻo Kauka Frederick McKay iā "Colorado Brown Stain," i hoʻopili ʻia ma hope me ka nui o ka fluoride maoli i loko o ka wai. I ka makahiki 1945, ua lilo ʻo Grand Rapids, Michigan i kūlanakauhale mua ma ka honua e hoʻohui i ka fluoride i kāna lako wai lehulehu, e hāʻawi ana i nā hōʻike maopopo e hōʻemi ana ka fluoride i nā lua niho. I ka makahiki 1970, ua loaʻa i ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 miliona mau ʻAmelika ka wai fluoridated, a ua huli koke ka noiʻi i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka fluoride i loko o ka toothpaste.

I ka makahiki 1956, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Procter & Gamble iā Crest, ka toothpaste fluoride mua i kūʻai ʻia ma ka ʻāina. Ua loaʻa iā Crest ka Sila o ka ʻAe ʻia ʻana o ka American Dental Association i ka makahiki 1960, e koi ana i nā lama ʻē aʻe e hahai i ke ʻano. I ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻokumu paʻa ʻia ka fluoride ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui maʻamau e hakakā ana i nā lua, a kokoke i kēlā me kēia toothpaste kaulana ma nā papa o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i loaʻa ka fluoride.

Noi a me ke Kānāwai

Ka Hoʻohana ʻana i ka Fluoride Toothpaste ma ka Mākeke ʻAmelika

Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Crest, ua loli koke ka mākeke toothpaste o ʻAmelika. I ka makahiki 1980, ua hāʻawi aku kēlā me kēia hōʻailona nui i kahi ʻano fluoride, a ua piʻi aʻe ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea kūʻai aku. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi mākeke i nā makahiki 1990 ua palaki ʻia ma mua o 90% o nā keiki a me nā pākeke ʻAmelika me ka toothpaste fluoride. I kēia lā, ua noho aliʻi ʻia nā ala o nā hale kūʻai nui e nā huahana fluoride, i hoʻokele ʻia e nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ikaika mai nā kauka niho a me ke koi e pono i kēlā me kēia toothpaste e lawe ana i ka ADA Seal ke loaʻa ka fluoride.

ʻO ke Kaʻina Hoʻoponopono e Hoʻomalu ana i ka Fluoride i loko o ka Toothpaste

Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ka toothpaste fluoride ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau over-the-counter (OTC) ma lalo o ka Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Anticaries Monograph (21 CFR 355). ʻAe ka FDA i nā hui fluoride kikoʻī—e like me ka sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, a me ka stannous fluoride—ma nā ʻano i hoʻoponopono ʻia. Ua kaupalena ʻia nā ʻano toothpaste maʻamau i kahi o 850–1,150 ppm fluoride (0.085%–0.115% fluoride ion). ʻAe ʻia kahi māhele "kiʻekiʻe-fluoride" (a hiki i ka 1,500 ppm) me nā ʻōlelo aʻo palekana hou aʻe; ʻo nā mea ma luna o 1,500 ppm e pono ai ke kauoha.

He ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā koi lepili. Pono ka toothpaste e hōʻike maopopo iā ia iho he "anticavity" a i ʻole "fluoride" ma ka inoa huahana, e papa inoa i ka mea hana fluoride a me kona pakeneka, a hōʻike i kahi ʻōlelo aʻo palekana keiki ma lalo o "Drug Facts": "E mālama ʻia mai ka hiki ʻana aku o nā keiki ma lalo o 6 mau makahiki. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka palaki ʻana i ka ʻōpala e ale ʻia, e kiʻi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau a i ʻole e kelepona i kahi Poison Control Center." Ua kauoha ʻia hoʻi nā kuhikuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana—e like me ka palaki ʻana i ʻelua manawa i ka lā a me ka nānā ʻana i nā keiki ma lalo o 6. Hōʻoia kēia mau lula e loaʻa i nā mea kūʻai aku ke alakaʻi maopopo no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka fluoride palekana a maikaʻi.

Ka pono a me ka palekana

Nā Pōmaikaʻi Ola Kino a me ka Pono

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā makahiki he ʻumi o ka noiʻi ʻana he hōʻemi nui ka toothpaste fluoride i ka pala o nā niho. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi loiloi koʻikoʻi mai ka Cochrane Collaboration ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana o ka toothpaste fluoride (≥1,000 ppm) i nā lua i nā keiki ma mua o nā koho ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole fluoride. Ma ka awelika, ʻo ka palaki ʻana i ʻelua manawa i ka lā me ka toothpaste fluoride e hōʻemi ana i ka pilikia o ka caries ma 14-30%. Kōkua ka hana topical o ka fluoride i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka enamel a, i ka wā e hui pū ʻia me ka wai fluoridated, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka pala a hiki i ka 25% ma ka pae heluna kanaka. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau hopena ma nā ʻāina o ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e hōʻoia ana i ka toothpaste fluoride ʻo ia kekahi o nā hana olakino lehulehu kūpono loa no ke olakino waha.

Nā Hopohopo Palekana a me nā Hoʻopaʻapaʻa

ʻO ka hopohopo nui no ka palekana me ka toothpaste fluoride ka nui o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana i nā keiki ʻōpio, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka fluorosis niho (nā ʻano niho keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha). Hōʻike ka ʻikepili US mai 1999-2004 ma kahi o 40% o nā ʻōpio e hōʻike ana i kekahi ʻano o ka fluorosis, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hihia he akahai a hoʻonaninani wale nō. No ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pilikia, paipai nā loea olakino e hoʻohana i ka nui o ka toothpaste "palaoa laiki" no nā keiki ma lalo o 3 a me ka nui "pea-size" no nā makahiki 3-6, me ka nānā ʻana o ka pākeke e pale aku i ka moni ʻana.

He mea kākaʻikahi loa ka ʻawaʻawa fluoride koʻikoʻi mai ka toothpaste, e pono ai ka ʻai ʻana i nā nui he nui. Ke hōʻoia nei nā hui olakino koʻikoʻi—me ka CDC, ADA, a me ka American Academy of Pediatrics—he palekana ka toothpaste fluoride ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ke kuhikuhi. ʻOiai ua hāpai kekahi mau noiʻi i nā nīnau e pili ana i ka hopena o ka fluoride i ka neurodevelopment ma nā pae hōʻike kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia mau hōʻike ma mua o ka mea e loaʻa i kahi keiki mai ka toothpaste a i ʻole ka wai fluoridated.

I ka pōkole

Ke hahai nā mākua i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i lepili ʻia, he mea liʻiliʻi ka pilikia o ka hōʻino ʻana i ke kino.

Nā Hana Kālai'āina a me nā Hana Kānāwai i hala koke aku nei ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa

I ka makahiki 2024 a me 2025, ua neʻe kekahi mau mokuʻāina e pāpā i ka fluoridation wai kaiāulu—he hana i loaʻa nā hopena ʻole pololei i ka hilinaʻi ʻana o ka lehulehu i ka toothpaste fluoride. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Utah a me Florida i nā kānāwai e pāpā ana i ka fluoridation wai, e hoʻāla ana i nā kūʻē ikaika mai nā loea niho a me ke olakino lehulehu e hōʻike ana e hoʻonui paha ka wehe ʻana i ka fluoride i nā lua, ʻoi aku hoʻi i waena o nā keiki. Ua kauoha pū kekahi luna kānāwai pekelala i ka EPA e loiloi hou i nā kūlana fluoride wai inu, e kuhikuhi ana i nā haʻawina e pili ana i nā hopena neurodevelopmental hiki. ʻOiai ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia nei kēia hoʻoholo, ua hōʻoia hou ka CDC a me ADA ʻo ka fluoridation kekahi o nā hoʻokō olakino lehulehu kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka mōʻaukala o US.

Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia hoʻi ka nānā kānāwai ʻana i ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā toothpaste. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2025, ua waiho ʻia nā hoʻopiʻi hana papa kūʻē i nā mea hana toothpaste nui, e hoʻopiʻi ana i ke kūʻai aku "hoʻopunipuni" i nā keiki—nā koi e paipai ana nā toothpastes ʻono, nā hōʻailona cartoon i ka ale ʻana a me ke alakaʻi hewa ʻana i nā mākua. Ua hoʻomaka ka Loio Kuhina Nui o Texas i kahi noiʻi inā paha e kūʻē ana ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā kulekele FDA no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka fluoride. Ua pane mai ka ADA ma ka haʻi hou ʻana he palekana a he pono hoʻi ka toothpaste fluorescent, i hoʻohana ʻia ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana.

Pane ʻOihana a me nā Hana Maikaʻi Loa

Hoʻokūpaʻa nā mea hana niho nui—e like me Colgate-Palmolive lāua ʻo Procter & Gamble—i ka mālama pono ʻana i nā koi monograph FDA, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui ikaika, a me ka lepili maopopo. Hōʻike maopopo lākou i ka Sila ʻAe ʻia o ADA ma luna o ka ʻōpala e hōʻoia i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka hōʻoia ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu. Hoʻokomo pū nā mea hana i nā pāpale pale keiki a me nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi dosage e hōʻemi i nā pilikia i ka ʻai ʻana. Ma hope o nā pilikia kānāwai hou, ua hoʻoikaika nā hui ʻoihana i ke alakaʻi no ka hoʻohana palekana: pono nā pākeke e nānā i nā keiki ma lalo o 6, a pono e hahai pono i nā nui o ka niho i ʻōlelo ʻia (palaoa laiki a i ʻole ka nui o ka pea).

Ma waho aʻe o nā lama kaulana, hāʻawi kekahi mau ʻoihana "maoli" a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​hui kūikawā i nā toothpastes fluoride-free e hoʻokō i ka makemake o nā mea kūʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lawe kēia mau huahana i nā koi anticavity a ʻaʻole paha e hāʻawi i ka pae like o ka pale ʻana i ka palaho. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ua maopopo ke kūlana o ka ʻoihana: ʻo ka toothpaste fluoride ka mea pale mua loa e kūʻē i nā cavities, a e hoʻomau nā mea hana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka lepili, ka hoʻopili ʻana, a me nā hana hoʻonaʻauao e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohana palekana a me ka ʻike.

Nā Manaʻo Honua no ka Hoʻoponopono Fluoride

Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, aia ka ʻaelike ākea e pili ana i nā pono o ka toothpaste fluoride, ʻoiai ʻokoʻa nā kikoʻī hoʻoponopono. Ma ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā toothpaste he mau mea hoʻonani a ua kaupalena ʻia ma 1,500 ppm fluoride. Loaʻa pinepine i nā ʻano pediatric he 500-600 ppm e hōʻemi i ka pilikia fluorosis. ʻOiai he 3% wale nō o ka poʻe ʻEulopa e loaʻa ana i ka wai fluoridated, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka toothpaste fluoride i ka pale ʻana i nā lua. Hoʻohālike nā lula o Kanada i ka US, e mālama ana i ka toothpaste anticavity ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o ke kauka a ke kākoʻo nei i ke alakaʻi dosage like no nā keiki. ʻAe ʻo Australia a hiki i ka 1,450 ppm fluoride i loko o ka toothpaste a kākoʻo ikaika i ka fluoridation wai kaiāulu. Paipai nā kino honua, me ka World Health Organization, e hoʻohana i ka toothpaste me 1,000-1,500 ppm fluoride ma nā wahi nele i ka fluoridation wai. I ka pōkole, ʻoiai ʻokoʻa iki ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia ka toothpaste fluoride ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa he mea nui no ke olakino waha.